The First Workshop on Blackboard Systems
نویسندگان
چکیده
The first panel was primarily concerned with identifying the architectural and organizational attributes that distinguish blackboard systems. As more and more systems appear claiming to use the blackboard paradigm, it is increasingly necessary to determine a set of criteria that define the essential elements of blackboard systems. This panel was also concerned with the question of how far systems can deviate from the basic blackboard architecture and still rightly be classified as a blackboard system. Penny Nii moderated this panel. The consensus was that the essential components of a blackboard system are the blackboard database and the knowledge sources. The blackboard database is the repository of information, and the knowledge sources represent the procedural knowledge that uses and manipulates the blackboard data structures. Also inherent in a blackboard architecture is the knowledge-oriented selection mechanism, or metalevel control, for choosing the next knowledge source to be executed. These criteria can be used to determine whether a system can indeed be called a blackboard system. However, differences in implementation, especially where control mechanisms are concerned, are to be expected because of the influence of special problem-solving requirements of particular applications. Appropriately, this panel began with Robert Engelmore’s presentation of the history and evolution of blackhe First Workshop on Blackboard Systems, sponsored jointly by the American Association for Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) and the Boeing Advanced Technology Center, was held 13 July 1987 during AAAI-87 in Seattle. A group of researchers from industry and academia gathered at the University of Washington to discuss issues and research directions in blackboard systems. It was the first blackboard workshop open for participation to the general AI audience. Since its inception with the Hearsay-II project in the early 1970s, the blackboard architecture has undergone major changes, as discussed in Nii (1987). Because interest in this technology is growing rapidly and blackboard systems differ significantly in their implementation, the organizers determined a need for a workshop in order to improve communication between the various researchers in this field, achieve a consensus on the defining characteristics of blackboards, and describe ongoing research. With these motivations in mind, the workshop was organized as a series of five panel discussions, each concerned with one of the most relevant areas of interest: (1) blackboard architecture and organization; (2) control issues; (3) parallelism, concurrency, and distributed systems; (4) performance and real-time issues; and (5) development environments. The format of each panel was determined by the moderator. In general, the moderator laid out the issues pertaining to the area and encouraged the panel members to present their perspectives. The panel members discussed the issues in the context of their own work. Their presentations were followed by discussion with the The emergence of the blackboard architecture as a widely used paradigm for problem solving led us and other members of the blackboard research community to organize a workshop. The workshop was held during the 1987 American Association for Artificial Intelligence Conference in Seattle. The main purpose of the workshop was to highlight the advances in blackboard architectures since the introduction of the paradigm in Hearsay-II and identify issues relevant to future blackboard system research. This article describes the issues raised and the discussions in each of the five workshop panels.
منابع مشابه
Blackboard Systems
Blackboard systems are not new technology. The first blackboard system, the Hearsay-II speech understanding system [1], was developed nearly twenty years ago. While the basic features of Hearsay-II remain in today’s blackboard systems, numerous advances and enhancements have been made as a result of experience gained in using blackboard systems in widely varying application areas. Unlike most A...
متن کاملItalo-Swiss “Chalk and blackboard interactive 2-day workshop”—participants feedback
Ten "chalk and blackboard interactive workshops" have taken place between 2011 and 2015 in Southern Switzerland or Italy. Students, residents and expert pediatricians meet during 2 days and discuss 10-15 cases. Pediatricians promote reasoning, provide supporting information and correct statements. Emphasis is placed on history taking and examination, and on all participants being involved in a ...
متن کاملExpert Systems for Design: The Challenge for SWARM
The purpose of this paper is to identify the key requirements to develop SWARM, or any other agent-based system, as an expert system for engineering design. The paper first discusses a commonly used, agent-based, expert system for design, the blackboard system. There is no control component specified in the blackboard model; this is both its strength and its weakness. The main part of the paper...
متن کاملMeasuring the Impact of the Blackboard System on Blended Learning Students
With the advantages of using learning management systems (LMS) such as Blackboard in the educational process, assessing the impact of such systems has become increasingly important. This study measures the impact of the Blackboard system on students at Saudi Electronic University (SEU) in order to help improve the quality of existing learning environment. For this assessment and measurement, th...
متن کاملReputation blackboard systems
Blackboard systems are motivated by the popular view of task forces as brainstorming groups in which specialists write promising ideas to solve a problem in a central blackboard. Here we study a minimal model of blackboard system designed to solve cryptarithmetic puzzles, where hints are posted anonymously on a public display (standard blackboard) or are posted together with information about t...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید
ثبت ناماگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید
ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- AI Magazine
دوره 10 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 1989